MSM has become extremely popular amongst horse owners. Amongst other claims, MSM is believed to:
- moderate allergic reactions,
- calm upset stomachs,
- correct mineral imbalances,
- kill some parasites,
- relieve pain and inflammation, and lastly,
- be a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant.
Double Blind Trials
Now, being a natural sceptic myself, this looks to me like some supplier of MSM claiming to have discovered a "wonder drug". So, I did some research to see whether any of these claims could be scientifically substantiated. To my surprise, I found that all of these claims were actually substantiated and had been tested to work.
Double blind studies have been done on horses and humans which prove this.This is where two groups of patients are given either a placebo (no MSM) or MSM and their responses are measured. Neither the scientists conducting the trial nor the patients taking the medicine know who is taking placebo and who is taking the drug.
At the end of the trial, it is made known which group is which and responses are compared. In the trials that I looked at, an 80% improvement was shown in the group taking MSM, compared to the group taking placebos.
History
The history of MSM is interesting. It dates back to a chemist called Herschler who worked for a paper- processing company. His boss asked him to investigate possible uses for one of the company's by-products, DMSO.
Herschler found that DMSO decreased inflammation and pain when applied to horse's swollen legs. Although it became quite popular, there were some disadvantages to using DMSO:
- It's effect is transient, as it leaves the tissue very fast
- There are possible toxicity problems
- It causes bad breath
- It causes dry, itchy skin
- It stinks!
Herschler then decided to experiment with a molecule called MSM, which had a stabilising oxygen atom bound to the sulphur of the DMSO. This small change in molecular structure resulted in many positive advantages:
- It had long-term therapeutic values
- It is very untoxic (similar toxicity levels to water!!!)
- No bad breath, itchy skin or stink
Biochemistry
Although it is not known exactly how MSM works, it is assumed to be because it is a source of sulphur. Animals can't use sulphur on its own, and MSM (which contains a sulphur molecule) can be easily used in the body. Sulphur is a very fragile element and, although it is present in big quantities in fresh foods, (eg. fresh hay), even minimal processing (eg. cutting and drying of hay) or storage causes the suplhur to be lost. This means that most horses (and humans) are deficient in sulphur. MSM can correct this imbalance by supplying sulphur in a form which is easy to use.
Case-Studies
Together with his veterinarian friend, Dr Metcalf, Herschler continued to experiment. This is what he found:
1. Both men suffered from respiratory allergies. When they dosed themselves with MSM, the allergy disappeared. When they stopped taking it, the allergy returned.
2. Dr Metcalf's labrador was able to stop her daily dose of four bute tablets per day when given MSM.
3. Dr Metcalf's daughter's jumper became a different horse (no tail swishing, ears back or refusing) when put on MSM. He since had a lot of success with MSM in treating back pain in jumpers and race horses, especially with sacroiliac problems.
Fast-growing foals often develop epiphysitis, especially when their diet is too protein rich. This is a painful inflammatory condition when the foal's body grows faster than his bones can develop to support the weight. A small amount of MSM fed daily can prevent this.
Further problems that were cured were: severe diarrhea in a valuable Arab stallion, gastric ulcers in foals, lameness, internal parasite (worm) infestations.
Caution
Dr Metcalf is quick to point out that MSM must not be regarded as a cure-all. "We must determine the cause of discomfort and make sure the cause no longer exists. Obviously, if there are joint chips in a horse's knee, you might get temporary relief from MSM, but it isn't going to make him sound."
He also cautions people to always consult their doctor or vet before starting to use MSM.
Showing posts with label joints. Show all posts
Showing posts with label joints. Show all posts
Sunday, March 29, 2009
Devil's Claw - better than Bute?
Devil's Claw, otherwize known as Harpagophytum procumbens, grows only in the Kalahari desert in Namibia. The roots are collected in the wild and exported all over the world, where they are extremely widely used in human as well as animal medicines. Although a great deal of controversy exists among researchers as to whether it works or not.
Painkiller
Devil's Claw is reputed to have two main effects - analgesic (painkilling) and anti-inflammatory. It's analgesic properties are not controversial. A laboratory in France has obtained results that show a 78% reduction in pain using Devil's Claw.
Anti-inflammatory
It is the anti-inflammatory effect of Devil's Claw that is controversial. Some studies show a marked effect, while others report little effect at the same dose. The main difference between the two extremes is the way in which it is administered. When injected into the site of swelling, the effect is greatest. Also, when it was injected into the small intestine (and therefore bypasses the stomach), the effect was greater than when fed by mouth. Scientists put two and two together and suspected that the stomach acid partially broke down the active ingredients of the root. To prove this, they injected an extract of Devil's Claw that they had previously mixed with acid in the lab. Confirming their suspicions, the acid hydrolysed root had a lesser effect than the same root which had not been mixed with acid. The main consequence of this is that, when fed by mouth, a higher dose is needed than when injected. This is true of a lot of drugs.
How does it work?
Another aspect of this plant has got scientists flummoxed. That is - how does it work and which are the active ingredients? Initially, a molecule called harpagoside was proposed to be the active ingredient in Devil's Claw. However, this theory was disproven when harpagoside injected on its own had none of the anti-inflammatry effects of the whole plant extract.
An alternative to bute?
Lameness is the number one cause of racehorses ending their careers. It also affects all other horse sports. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's), such as phenybutazone (bute), are very widely used in the horse industry, with, many would argue, great success. However, long term use of NSAID's has unpleasant side-effects, such as gastric ulcers and cartilage damage.
Devil's Claw could well be substituted for Bute in a lot of cases. The FEI have recently listed it as a testable substance, so can't be used during competition. Stop feeding the Devil's Claw supplement to your horse at least three days before the event.
Painkiller
Devil's Claw is reputed to have two main effects - analgesic (painkilling) and anti-inflammatory. It's analgesic properties are not controversial. A laboratory in France has obtained results that show a 78% reduction in pain using Devil's Claw.
Anti-inflammatory
It is the anti-inflammatory effect of Devil's Claw that is controversial. Some studies show a marked effect, while others report little effect at the same dose. The main difference between the two extremes is the way in which it is administered. When injected into the site of swelling, the effect is greatest. Also, when it was injected into the small intestine (and therefore bypasses the stomach), the effect was greater than when fed by mouth. Scientists put two and two together and suspected that the stomach acid partially broke down the active ingredients of the root. To prove this, they injected an extract of Devil's Claw that they had previously mixed with acid in the lab. Confirming their suspicions, the acid hydrolysed root had a lesser effect than the same root which had not been mixed with acid. The main consequence of this is that, when fed by mouth, a higher dose is needed than when injected. This is true of a lot of drugs.
How does it work?
Another aspect of this plant has got scientists flummoxed. That is - how does it work and which are the active ingredients? Initially, a molecule called harpagoside was proposed to be the active ingredient in Devil's Claw. However, this theory was disproven when harpagoside injected on its own had none of the anti-inflammatry effects of the whole plant extract.
An alternative to bute?
Lameness is the number one cause of racehorses ending their careers. It also affects all other horse sports. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's), such as phenybutazone (bute), are very widely used in the horse industry, with, many would argue, great success. However, long term use of NSAID's has unpleasant side-effects, such as gastric ulcers and cartilage damage.
Devil's Claw could well be substituted for Bute in a lot of cases. The FEI have recently listed it as a testable substance, so can't be used during competition. Stop feeding the Devil's Claw supplement to your horse at least three days before the event.
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